Time-series anomaly detection is an important task and has been widely applied in the industry. Since manual data annotation is expensive and inefficient, most applications adopt unsupervised anomaly detection methods, but the results are usually sub-optimal and unsatisfactory to end customers. Weak supervision is a promising paradigm for obtaining considerable labels in a low-cost way, which enables the customers to label data by writing heuristic rules rather than annotating each instance individually. However, in the time-series domain, it is hard for people to write reasonable labeling functions as the time-series data is numerically continuous and difficult to be understood. In this paper, we propose a Label-Efficient Interactive Time-Series Anomaly Detection (LEIAD) system, which enables a user to improve the results of unsupervised anomaly detection by performing only a small amount of interactions with the system. To achieve this goal, the system integrates weak supervision and active learning collaboratively while generating labeling functions automatically using only a few labeled data. All of these techniques are complementary and can promote each other in a reinforced manner. We conduct experiments on three time-series anomaly detection datasets, demonstrating that the proposed system is superior to existing solutions in both weak supervision and active learning areas. Also, the system has been tested in a real scenario in industry to show its practicality.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Sequential recommendation is an important task to predict the next-item to access based on a sequence of interacted items. Most existing works learn user preference as the transition pattern from the previous item to the next one, ignoring the time interval between these two items. However, we observe that the time interval in a sequence may vary significantly different, and thus result in the ineffectiveness of user modeling due to the issue of \emph{preference drift}. In fact, we conducted an empirical study to validate this observation, and found that a sequence with uniformly distributed time interval (denoted as uniform sequence) is more beneficial for performance improvement than that with greatly varying time interval. Therefore, we propose to augment sequence data from the perspective of time interval, which is not studied in the literature. Specifically, we design five operators (Ti-Crop, Ti-Reorder, Ti-Mask, Ti-Substitute, Ti-Insert) to transform the original non-uniform sequence to uniform sequence with the consideration of variance of time intervals. Then, we devise a control strategy to execute data augmentation on item sequences in different lengths. Finally, we implement these improvements on a state-of-the-art model CoSeRec and validate our approach on four real datasets. The experimental results show that our approach reaches significantly better performance than the other 11 competing methods. Our implementation is available: https://github.com/KingGugu/TiCoSeRec.

For saving cost, many deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained on third-party datasets downloaded from internet, which enables attacker to implant backdoor into DNNs. In 2D domain, inherent structures of different image formats are similar. Hence, backdoor attack designed for one image format will suite for others. However, when it comes to 3D world, there is a huge disparity among different 3D data structures. As a result, backdoor pattern designed for one certain 3D data structure will be disable for other data structures of the same 3D scene. Therefore, this paper designs a uniform backdoor pattern: NRBdoor (Noisy Rotation Backdoor) which is able to adapt for heterogeneous 3D data structures. Specifically, we start from the unit rotation and then search for the optimal pattern by noise generation and selection process. The proposed NRBdoor is natural and imperceptible, since rotation is a common operation which usually contains noise due to both the miss match between a pair of points and the sensor calibration error for real-world 3D scene. Extensive experiments on 3D mesh and point cloud show that the proposed NRBdoor achieves state-of-the-art performance, with negligible shape variation.

鉴于其广泛的应用，已经对人面部交换的任务进行了许多尝试。尽管现有的方法主要依赖于乏味的网络和损失设计，但它们仍然在源和目标面之间的信息平衡中挣扎，并倾向于产生可见的人工制品。在这项工作中，我们引入了一个名为StylesWap的简洁有效的框架。我们的核心想法是利用基于样式的生成器来增强高保真性和稳健的面部交换，因此可以采用发电机的优势来优化身份相似性。我们仅通过最小的修改来确定，StyleGAN2体系结构可以成功地处理来自源和目标的所需信息。此外，受到TORGB层的启发，进一步设计了交换驱动的面具分支以改善信息的融合。此外，可以采用stylegan倒置的优势。特别是，提出了交换引导的ID反转策略来优化身份相似性。广泛的实验验证了我们的框架会产生高质量的面部交换结果，从而超过了最先进的方法，既有定性和定量。

人类运动建模对于许多现代图形应用非常重要，这些应用通常需要专业技能。为了消除外行的技能障碍，最近的运动生成方法可以直接产生以自然语言为条件的人类动作。但是，通过各种文本输入，实现多样化和细粒度的运动产生，仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了MotionDiffuse，这是第一个基于基于文本模型的基于文本驱动的运动生成框架，该框架证明了现有方法的几种期望属性。 1）概率映射。 MotionDiffuse不是确定性的语言映射，而是通过一系列注入变化的步骤生成动作。 2）现实的综合。 MotionDiffuse在建模复杂的数据分布和生成生动的运动序列方面表现出色。 3）多级操作。 Motion-Diffuse响应有关身体部位的细粒度指示，以及随时间变化的文本提示，任意长度运动合成。我们的实验表明，Motion-Diffuse通过说服文本驱动运动产生和动作条件运动的运动来优于现有的SOTA方法。定性分析进一步证明了MotionDiffuse对全面运动产生的可控性。主页：https：//mingyuan-zhang.github.io/projects/motiondiffuse.html

近年来，旨在在衣服变化下与人身份相匹配的换衣人重新识别（CC-REID）是近年来的一个新的研究主题。但是，典型的基于生物识别的CC-REID方法通常需要繁琐的姿势或身体部位估计器来从人类生物特征性状中学习布置性特征，这带有高计算成本。此外，由于监视图像的分辨率下降，性能受到了显着限制。为了解决上述限制，我们为CC-REID提出了一个有效的身份敏感知识传播框架（DECKPRO）。具体而言，引入了一个布 - 丝毫空间注意模块，以通过从人解析模块中获取知识来消除服装外观的注意力。为了减轻人类面孔的分辨率退化问题和对矿山身份敏感的提示，我们建议使用先前的面部知识恢复缺失的面部细节，然后将其传播到较小的网络。训练后，不再需要进行人类解析或面部修复的额外计算。广泛的实验表明，我们的框架的表现优于最先进的方法。我们的代码可在https://github.com/kimbingng/deskpro上找到。

已经开发了用于预测结直肠癌（CRC）在内的临床相关生物标志物（包括微卫星不稳定性（MSI））的人工智能（AI）模型。但是，当前的深度学习网络是渴望数据的，需要大型培训数据集，这些数据集通常缺乏医疗领域。在这项研究中，基于最新的层次视觉变压器使用移位窗口（SWIN-T），我们开发了CRC中生物标志物的有效工作流程（MSI，超突击，染色体不稳定性，CPG岛甲基表型，BRAF和TP53突变）需要相对较小的数据集，但实现了最新的（SOTA）预测性能。我们的SWIN-T工作流不仅在使用TCGA-CRC-DX数据集（n = 462）的研究内交叉验证实验中大大优于已发表的模型（n = 462），而且在跨研究的外部验证中表现出极好的普遍性，并提供了SOTA AUROC使用MCO数据集进行训练（n = 1065）和相同的TCGA-CRC-DX进行测试。 Echle及其同事在同一测试数据集上使用8000个培训样本（RESNET18）实现了类似的性能（AUROC = 0.91）。 Swin-T使用小型训练数据集非常有效，并且仅使用200-500个培训样本展示出强大的预测性能。这些数据表明，Swin-T的效率可能是基于RESNET18和Shufflenet的MSI当前最新算法的效率5-10倍。此外，SWIN-T模型显示出有望作为MSI状态和BRAF突变状态的预筛查测试，可以在级联的诊断工作流程中排除和减少样品，以允许降低周转时间和节省成本。

基于对比度学习的基于自我监督的骨架识别引起了很多关注。最近的文献表明，数据增强和大量对比度对对于学习此类表示至关重要。在本文中，我们发现，基于正常增强的直接扩展对对比对的表现有限，因为随着培训的进展，对比度对从正常数据增强到损失的贡献越小。因此，我们深入研究了对比对比对的，以进行对比学习。由混合增强策略的成功激励，通过综合新样本来改善许多任务的执行，我们提出了Skelemixclr：一种与时空的学习框架，具有时空骨架混合增强（Skelemix），以补充当前的对比样品，以补充当前的对比样品。首先，Skelemix利用骨架数据的拓扑信息将两个骨骼序列混合在一起，通过将裁切的骨骼片段（修剪视图）与其余的骨架序列（截断视图）随机梳理。其次，应用时空掩码池在特征级别上分开这两个视图。第三，我们将对比度对与这两种观点扩展。 SkelemixClr利用修剪和截断的视图来提供丰富的硬对比度对，因为它们由于图形卷积操作而涉及彼此的某些上下文信息，这使模型可以学习更好的运动表示以进行动作识别。在NTU-RGB+D，NTU120-RGB+D和PKU-MMD数据集上进行了广泛的实验表明，SkelemixClr实现了最先进的性能。代码可在https://github.com/czhaneva/skelemixclr上找到。

深度学习已被广​​泛用于医学图像细分和其他方面。但是，现有的医学图像分割模型的性能受到获得足够数量的高质量数据的挑战的限制。为了克服限制，我们提出了一个新的视觉医学图像分割模型LVIT（语言符合视觉变压器）。在我们的模型中，引入了医学文本注释，以弥补图像数据的质量缺陷。此外，文本信息可以在一定程度上指导伪标签的产生，并进一步保证半监督学习中伪标签的质量。我们还提出了指数伪标签迭代机制（EPI），以帮助扩展LVIT和像素级注意模块（PLAM）的半监督版本，以保留图像的局部特征。在我们的模型中，LV（语言视觉）损失旨在直接使用文本信息监督未标记图像的培训。为了验证LVIT的性能，我们构建了包含病理图像，X射线等的多模式医学分割数据集（图像 +文本）。实验结果表明，我们提出的LVIT在完全和半监督条件下具有更好的分割性能。代码和数据集可在https://github.com/huanglizi/lvit上找到。